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Preparation of nanoparticle dispersions for in-vitro toxicity testing

Aerosols, Dusts, and Metals, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland, minnamari.vippola{at}ttl.fi, Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

GCM Falck

New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

HK Lindberg

New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

S. Suhonen

New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

E. Vanhala

Aerosols, Dusts, and Metals, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

H. Norppa

New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

K. Savolainen

New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

A. Tossavainen

Aerosols, Dusts, and Metals, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

T. Tuomi

Aerosols, Dusts, and Metals, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

Studies on potential toxicity of engineered nanoparticle (ENP) in biological systems require a proper and accurate particle characterization to ensure the reproducibility of the results and to understand biological effects of ENP. A full characterization of ENP should include various measurements such as particle size and size distribution, shape and morphology, crystallinity, composition, surface chemistry, and surface area of ENP. It is also important to characterize the state of ENP dispersions. In this study, four different ENPs, rutile and anatase titanium dioxides and short single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, were characterized in two dispersion media: bronchial epithelial growth medium, used for bronchial epithelial BEAS cells, and RPMI-1640 culture media with 10% of fetal calf serum (FCS) for human mesothelial (MeT-5A) cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of ENPs and their dispersions as well as to compare dispersion additives suitable for toxicity tests and thus establish an appropriate way to prepare dispersions that performs well with the selected ENP. Dispersion additives studied in the media were bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protein resource, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as a model lung surfactant, and combination of BSA and DPPC. Dispersions were characterized using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed that protein addition, BSA or FCS, in cell culture media generated small agglomerates of primary particles with narrow size variations and improved the stability of the dispersions and thus also the relevance of the in-vitro genotoxicity tests to be done.

Key Words: dispersion • ENP • genotoxicity • microscopy

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 28, No. 6-7, 377-385 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0960327109105158


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