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Human & Experimental Toxicology
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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Dimercapto Chelating Agents for the Treatment of Systemic Organic Arsenic Poisoning in Rabbits

R.H. Inns

Pathology and Clinical Toxicology Section, Medical Division, Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK.

P. Rice

Pathology and Clinical Toxicology Section, Medical Division, Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK.

J.E. Bright

Pathology and Clinical Toxicology Section, Medical Division, Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK.

T.C. Marrs

Pathology and Clinical Toxicology Section, Medical Division, Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK.

1 The standard drug for the treatment of arsenic poisoning is BAL (dimercaprol). BAL possesses marked side-effects and a low safety ratio, drawbacks which new BAL analogues, DMPS and DMSA, do not possess.

2 The efficacy of three chelating agents, BAL, DMPS and DMSA, has been evaluated as a treatment for systemic organic arsenic poisoning, induced by intravenous dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine (lewisite) administration to rabbits. Equimolar dosing schedules were used based upon realistic doses for the most toxic agent, BAL.

3 It was concluded that all three dimercapto chelating agents provided signficant protection against the lethal systemic effects of lewisite, and, under the test conditions reported here, there was no significant difference between them in therapeutic efficacy.

4 The cause of mortality following intravenous lewisite in treated and untreated rabbits was pulmonary damage.

5 It is considered that DMPS and DMSA are worthy of further study as replacements for BAL in the treatment of systemic poisoning by lewisite.

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 9, No. 4, 215-220 (1990)
DOI: 10.1177/096032719000900403
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