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Human & Experimental Toxicology
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Evaluation of calcium excretion in Brazilian infantile and young population environmentally exposed to lead

Rita de Cássia Oliveira da Costa Mattos

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, mattos{at}ensp.fiocruz.br

Ely Caetano Xavier, junior

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Helena Ramirez Domingos Mainenti

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Simone Mitri Nogueira

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Márcia Aparecida Ribeiro de Carvalho

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Maria de Fátima Ramos Moreira

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Leandro Barreto Vargas de Carvalho

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Mariane Tabalipa

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Renato Borges

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Maria de Fátima Malizia Alves

Laboratory of Toxicology, Workers' Health and Human Ecology Studies Center, Sergio Arouca National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Lead exposure is an important issue in the research of several toxic effects resulting from the biochemical interaction between this metal and the organism. Calcium is a fundamental mineral for the maintenance of the organism homeostasis where there is interaction between lead and calcium in metabolic pathways. Environmental lead exposure by verifying the usefulness and applicability of urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) in this context was evaluated. This was an extensive socio-demographic study of the nutritional profile, lead exposure biomarkers in blood and the urine and UCa/Cr ratio. The children studied were from a low socio-economic group characterized by unsatisfactory nutritional diet. Lead environmental exposure was shown by biomarkers, with UCa/Cr ratio having positive and significant correlations with both lead and {delta}-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALA-U), without colinearity diagnosis. There was a strong association between calcium excretion and lead exposure as a result of linear regression construction models. In children, lead increases calcium excretion which is an additional risk to infantile health. Urinary calcium/creatinine ratio may be a useful tool in the biological monitoring of lead exposure and health promotion programs.

Key Words: Environmental exposure • children • lead • urinary calcium/creatinine ratio

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 28, No. 9, 567-575 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0960327109102804


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