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Volatile solvent abuse caused glomerulopathy and tubulopathy in street children

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey erefolgar{at}yahoo.com

F Oktem

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

A Dindar

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey

A Kilbas

Department of Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Cunur, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

UD Turkoglu

Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey

H Cetin

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

I Altuntas

Department of Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Cunur, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

R Yilmaz

Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

E Uz

Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

T Ertugrul

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey

R Omeroglu

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey

U Aydogan

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey

Substance misuse among street children is a significant problem in developing countries. Volatile substances are the most abused agents. According to case reports, chronic renal diseases are common among substance-abusing street children. In this study, we examined the renal findings of 42 volatile substance–abusing street children and compared them with results from 49 healthy children (control). The street children's weight, height, and blood pressure were lower than the controls' (P < 0.05). However, their blood alkaline phosphatase and creatinine phosphokinase levels were higher (P < 0.05), and total blood protein, creatinine, and phosphorus levels were lower than the controls' (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the street children's glomerular filtration rates were within normal limits (P < 0.05), their urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), β₂-microglobulin, microalbumin, protein, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride excretions were higher, and tubular phosphate reabsorption were lower than the controls' (P < 0.05). Volatile substances have been charged with causing distal tubular disease, but increased urinary protein, NAG, β₂-microglobulin, microalbumin, and electrolyte excretions also result from glomerular, proximal, and distal tubular influences. We believe that increased volatile substance products in the renal parenchyma are responsible for glomerular and tubular damage. Volatile substance–abusing street children should be examined for glomerular and proximal tubular function and distal tubular acidosis.

Key Words: glomerulopathy • renal disease • street children • tubulopathy • volatile substance abuse

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 27, No. 6, 477-483 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0960327108092292


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