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A preliminary survey of mycological and fumonisin and aflatoxin contamination of African traditional herbal medicines sold in South Africa

Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis (PROMEC), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa david.katerere{at}mrc.ac.za

S Stockenström

Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis (PROMEC), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa

KM Thembo

Department of Pharmacy Turfloop Campus, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa

JP Rheeder

Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis (PROMEC), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa

GS Shephard

Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis (PROMEC), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa

HF Vismer

Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis (PROMEC), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa

Traditional medicine is an important aspect of healthcare delivery in South Africa and is used by at least 70% of the country’s population. The trade in medicinal plants is a multi-million rand business which is a major driver for rural economies. However, the conditions in which these plant products are transported and stored make them prone to fungal contamination which results in economic losses to the traders and pose potential health hazards to consumers. Of major concern is the possible presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. This study assessed fungal and mycotoxin contamination of African herbal products sold in Cape Town and Tshwane (formerly Pretoria) in South Africa. Of the 16 samples analyzed, 15 were contaminated with at least one of these three fungal genera: Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Fumonisin B₁ was present in 13 of the samples in quantities ranging from 14 to 139 µg/kg (detection limit 5 µg/kg). None of the samples was contaminated with aflatoxigenic fungi or aflatoxin (detection limit 0.5 µg/kg). This is the first study to report on mycological and mycotoxin contamination of commercial traditional African medicines in South Africa. There is a need to expand the study to other urban centers to gain enough insight into this problem and then to intervene with measures that can protect the public from potential harm.

Key Words: aflatoxin • African herbal medicines • fumonisin • fungal contamination • muthi • mycotoxin

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 27, No. 11, 793-798 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0960327108099535


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