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Skin decontamination of mustards and organophosphates: comparative efficiency of RSDL and Fuller's earth in domestic swine

Centre d'études du Bouchet, (Defence Research Center), Vert Le Petit, France, laurent.taysse{at}dga.defense.gouv.fr

S. Daulon

Centre d'études du Bouchet, (Defence Research Center), Vert Le Petit, France

S. Delamanche

Centre d'études du Bouchet, (Defence Research Center), Vert Le Petit, France

B. Bellier

Centre d'études du Bouchet, (Defence Research Center), Vert Le Petit, France

P. Breton

Centre d'études du Bouchet, (Defence Research Center), Vert Le Petit, France

Research in skin decontamination and therapy of chemical warfare agents has been a difficult problem due to the simultaneous requirement of rapid action and non-aggressive behaviour. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two decontaminating systems: the Canadian Reactive Skin Decontaminant Lotion (RSDL) and the Fuller's Earth (FE). The experiment was conducted with domestic swine, as a good model for extrapolation to human skin. RSDL and FE were tested against sulphur mustard (SM), a powerful vesicant, and VX, a potent and persistent cholinesterase inhibitor. When used 5 min after contamination, the results clearly showed that both systems were active against SM (10.1 mg/cm²) and VX (0.06 mg/cm²). The potency of the RSDL/sponge was statistically better than FE against skin injury induced by SM, observed 3 days post-exposure. RSDL was rather more efficient than FE in reducing the formation of perinuclear vacuoles and inflammation processes in the epidermis and dermis. Against a severe inhibition (67%) of plasmatic cholinesterases induced by VX poisoning, the potencies of the RSDL/sponge and FE were similar. Both systems completely prevented cholinesterase inhibition, which indirectly indicates a prevention of toxic absorption through the skin. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 135-141

Key Words: cholinesterases • decontamination • Fuller's earth • RSDL • skin • sulphur mustard • VX

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 26, No. 2, 135-141 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0960327107071866


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