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Human & Experimental Toxicology
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Neuroprotective effect of Acorus calamus against middle cerebral artery occlusion–induced ischaemia in rat

Pradeep K Shukla

Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India

Vinay K Khanna

Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India vkkhanna1{at}gmail.com

M Mohd Ali

Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India

Rakesh Maurya

Central Drug Research Institute M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India

M Y Khan

Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India

Rikhab C Srimal

Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India

The neuroprotective potential of ethanol:water (1:1) extract of rhizomes of Acorus calamus (AC–002) has been investigated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)–induced ischaemia in rats. A significant behavioural impairment in Rota–Rod performance and grid walking was observed in rats, 72 hours after MCAO as compared to sham–operated animals. These rats also exhibited an increase in lipid peroxidation (cortex / 157%, corpus striatum – 58%) and a decrease in glutathione levels (cortex – 59%, corpus striatum – 34%) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (cortex – 64%, corpus striatum – 32%) as compared to sham–operated animals. Ischaemic rats treated with AC–002 (25 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited a significant improvement in neurobehavioural performance viz. Rota–Rod performance and grid walking as compared to the MCAO group. Interestingly, treatment with AC–002 in MCAO rats significantly decreased malonaldialdehyde levels in cortex as compared to ischaemic rats. A significant increase in reduced glutathione levels and SOD activity was also observed both in cortex and corpus striatum in MCAO rats treated with AC–002 in comparison to MCAO rats. Treatment with AC–002 in MCAO rats also reduced the contralateral cortical infarct area (19%) as compared to MCAO rats (33%). Neurological function score was improved in the AC–002–treated rats as compared to the MCAO group. The results of the present study indicate the neuroprotective efficacy of A. calamus in the rat model of ischaemia.

Key Words: Acorus calamus • middle cerebral artery occlusion • neuroprotection • oxidative stres

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 25, No. 4, 187-194 (2006)
DOI: 10.1191/0960327106ht613oa
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