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Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in organophosphorus insecticide formulators

Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Molecular Research Laboratory, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Loghman–Hakim Hospital Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shaheed–Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Ebrahim Azizi

Molecular Research Laboratory, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

Rohollah Hosseini

Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

Samideh Khoei

Shamileh Fouladdel

Molecular Research Laboratory, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

Abdolkarim Pajoumand

Nasser Jalali

Loghman–Hakim Hospital Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shaheed–Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Mohammad Abdollahi

Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155–6451 Iran mohammad.abdollahi{at}utoronto.ca

The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and oxidative stress in workers who formulate organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. In this survey, blood leukocytes and erythrocytes of a group of 21 pesticide formulating workers and an equal number of control subjects were examined for genotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters. The mean comet tail length and mean comet length were used to measure DNA damage. Lipid peroxidation level, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities in erythrocytes were analysed as biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase activity was measured as a biomarker of toxicity. The average duration of employment of workers in the factory was 97 months. Results indicated that chronic exposure (multiple5dose, greater than or equal to 6 months duration) to OP pesticides was associated with increased activities of catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes. The level of lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity did not show any significant differences between the two groups. The results also indicated that chronic exposure to OP pesticides was associated with increased DNA damage. It is concluded that human chronic exposure to OP pesticides may result in stimulated antioxidant enzymes and increased DNA damage in the absence of depressed acetylcholinesterase levels. Routine genotoxicity monitoring concomitant to acetylcholinesterase activity in workers occupationally exposed to OP insecticides is suggested.

Key Words: acetylcholinesterase • catalase • comet assay • genotoxicity • glutathione peroxidase • lipid peroxidation • organophosphorus pesticides • oxidative stress • superoxide dismutase

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 24, No. 9, 439-445 (2005)
DOI: 10.1191/0960327105ht549oa


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