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Hematological, hemostatic and clinical chemistry disturbances induced by Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom in dogs

Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasilsousaesilva{at}butantan.gov.br

S C Tomy

F L Tavares

Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, Caixa Postal 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

L Navajas

M HMA Larsson

S RR Lucas

M M Kogika

Departamento de Clnica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

I S Sano-Martins

Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, Caixa Postal 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

The aim of this study was to investigate the hematological, hemostatic and biochemical disturbances induced by the injection of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom in dogs under controlled conditions. For this purpose three groups of animals were used: an experimental group (E), which was injected i.m. with C. durissus terrificusvenom (1 mg/kg); and two control groups ^/ antivenom ^/ which were injected i.m. with 150 mM NaCl. Groups E and AV were treated i.v. withCrotalus antivenom 2 hours after the first injection. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase were increased in groups E and AV at 24 and 48 hours after serumtherapy, respectively. The increased serum levels of myoglobin, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase demonstrated that animals developed rhabdomyolysis. A persistent neutrophilic leukocytosis was already noticeable at 2 hours after envenomation and lasted even after serumtherapy. The animals of groups E and AV presented eosinopenia 24 hours after serumtherapy, and collagen-induced platelet hypoaggregation was observed without thrombocytopenia. Increased levels of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FnDP/FgDP), hypofibrinogenemia, and a₂-antiplasmin consumption were observed at 2 hours after envenomation, indicating secondary activation of fibrinolysis. Our data suggest that the biochemical and hemostatic disturbances induced by C. durissus terrificus venom in dogs are related to its myotoxic and thrombin-like activities.

Key Words: Crotalus • envenomation • hematology • snake venom

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 22, No. 9, 491-500 (2003)
DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht392oa


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