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Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 22, No. 5, 263-270 (2003)
DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht356oa

Differential responses of rat alveolar macrophages to carpet dust in vitro

Mohamed Ameen

Iqbal Ahmad

Syed Musthapa

Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India

Masroor Alam Baig

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110 062, India

Rinky Mishra

Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India

Qamar Rahman

Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow-226 001, India qrahmanitrc{at}yahoo.co.in

Epidemiological studies of workers in carpet weaving units in carpet industries have shown a direct relation between the concentration of carpet dust in the air and respiratory symptoms. To predict the health risk of carpet weavers, this preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of different types of workplace dust by using alveolar macrophages (AMs). Several parameters were observed for cytotoxicity such as cell viability, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rat AMs treated with different concentration of carpet dust and haemolytic potential of erythrocytes. In addition, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-inducing effects of carpet dust were assessed by nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) release and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in AMs. Results of cell viability and hemolytic assay showed a direct correlation between increasing the dust concentration with enhancing the toxic effect. Knotted and tufted carpet dust increases the release of LDH, NO, GSH and H2O2 production with increasing dust concentration. Present observations have revealed that dusts collected from tufted carpet weaving units exhibited more toxicity to AMs than knotted carpet dust. These data further suggest that injurious effects of carpet dust to AMs could pave a way to evaluate the toxic potential of the different types of workplace dusts and component(s) involved in it.

Key Words: alveolar macrophages (AMs) • carpet dust • cytotoxicity • reactive oxygen species (ROS)


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