| Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools. |
Developmental immunotoxicology: emerging issuesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Comparative and Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; rrd1{at}cornell.edu
Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Comparative and Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA While the history of immunotoxicology research involving experimental animals of immature ages dates back over several decades, there exist remarkably little data, to date, directly comparing the impact of developmental status on immunotoxicological risk. Given the size of the nonadult human population and the potential for differential vulnerability among the various ages, this represents a serious gap of knowledge in efforts to minimize environ-mentally linked health risks. This article frames the issues surrounding developmental immunotoxicological evaluations. In particular, the issues introduced include those of potential animal models, strain/genotype selection, gender, age of exposure, and age of assessment. Recent research results involving early exposure to lead (Pb) and other chemicals are discussed to highlight the nature of the decisions that are available and the potential cost–benefit associated with various approaches to evaluation.
Key Words: biomarkers • developmental immunotoxicology • immune maturation • relative risk • windows of vulnerability
Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 21, No. 9-10,
479-485 (2002) This article has been cited by other articles:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
|
 |
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
