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Flow cytometric detection of apoptotic bone marrow cells with fractional DNA content after application of WR-2721, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and exposure of mice to gamma rays

Laboratory of Experimental Haematology and Toxicology, Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 6, 30-060 Cracow, Poland; maz{at}zuk.iz.uj.edu.pl

A Czyzewska

Department of Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Haematology and Toxicology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Cracow, Poland

M Bochenek

Department of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice/Cracow, Poland

Little is known about the mechanisms of apoptosis triggered in normal cells of the haemopoietic system by the aminothiol WR-2721 (Amifostine), chemotherapeutic drugs, and ionizing radiation; thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of WR-2721, cyclophosphamide (CP), cisplatin (CDDP), and ⁶⁰Co gamma rays on induction of apoptotic DNA degradation in bone marrow cells. Adult male Swiss mice were treated with WR-2721 (400 mg/kg b.wt.), CP (200 mg/kg b.wt.), and CDDP (10 mg/ kg b.wt.), and exposed to 6 Gy ⁶⁰Co gamma rays. Alterations in the number of apoptotic cells with fractional DNA content and also the cell cycle position of the non-apoptotic cells were determined in the bone marrow at 7 and 24 hours after treatment of mice with these agents, using flow cytometric assay of the controlled extraction of low-MW DNA from apoptotic cells. The chemotherapeutic drugs CP and CDDP and ⁶⁰Co gamma rays triggered apoptosis and affected the cell cycle position of the non-apoptotic cells in the mouse bone marrow. The pretreatment of mice with WR-2721 resulted in the modulatory action of the aminothiol on induction of apoptotic cell death and changes in the cell cycle distribution of the non-apoptotic cells caused by the DNA-damaging agents. The patterns of changes in the frequency of apoptotic cells and the cell cycle position of the non-apoptotic cells, observed in the bone marrow, were dependent on the agent(s) applied and the time interval after application of the drug(s) and exposure of mice to gamma rays. Understanding of the mechanisms responsible for triggering of apoptotic cell death and disturbing of the cell cycle by the DNA-damaging agents, and modulation of the apoptotic and cell cycle pathways by the aminothiol WR-2721, can lead to more effective therapy and chemo-and radio-protection of normal cells.

Key Words: apoptosis • bone marrow cells • cell cycle • cisplatin • cyclophosphamide • DNA degradation • flow cytometry • gamma rays • WR-2721

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 21, No. 6, 335-341 (2002)
DOI: 10.1191/0960327102ht261oa


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