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Fatal multi-organ failure after suicidal overdose with MDMA, `Ecstasy': case report and review of the literature

Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

D Seger

Center for Clinical Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

A 53-year-old prisoner died of multiorgan failure after a suicidal overdose with 3,4-methylenedeoxymethamphe-tamine (MDMA, `Ecstasy'). Twelve hours after ingestion of MDMA, the patient became severely hyperthermic (107.2°F) with evidence of rhabdomyolysis. He subsequently developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and acute renal failure. At autopsy, plasma concentration of MDMA was 3.05 mg/L. This case shows that MDMA is still abused in our community and clinicians should know the symptoms of MDMA intoxication. In particular, MDMA should be considered when patients have symptoms or signs of increased sympathetic activity. The pathophysiology and treatment of MDMA-induced hyperthermia are discussed.

Key Words: MDMA • `ecstasy' • overdose • hyperthermia • multiorgan failure

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 18, No. 2, 119-125 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/096032719901800209


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