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Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 18, No. 11, 653-658 (1999)
DOI: 10.1191/096032799678839581

Detoxification of organophosphates by A-esterases in human serum

C Sams

H J Mason

Health and Safety Laboratory, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK

1In vitro detoxification of the organophosphate (OP) insecticides paraoxon, chlorpyrifos-oxon and malaoxon has been investigated in human serum.

2 Specific A-esterase activity to each OP substrate was measured in the serum of 100 individuals using established spectrophotometric methods for paraoxonase and chlorpyrifos-oxonase and a novel assay for malaoxonase activity.

3 Dose-effect inhibition of serum cholinesterase by the three OPs was measured in pooled human serum. Inhibition of calcium dependent A-esterases by addition of EDTA resulted in increased inhibition of cholinesterase at a given OP concentration.

4 Data from both the direct spectrophotometric measurement of A-esterase activity and inhibition of serum cholinesterase in the presence and absence of Aesterase activity indicated that human serum Aesterase catalysed detoxification of chlorpyrifosoxon4 paraoxon4 malaoxon. Our data also confirms the wide variation in potency to inhibit cholinesterase between the three OPs.

5 Malaoxonase activity in human serum does not appear to be polymorphic, however, there is large interindividual variation as has been previously found for other A-esterases.

6 This study has demonstrated two approaches to investigate the inter-individual variation towards specific OPs and the relative ability of human serum A-esterase to detoxify specific OP compounds.

Key Words: organophosphate • A-esterase • detoxification


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E Y Sozmen, B Mackness, B Sozmen, P Durrington, F K Girgin, L Aslan, and M Mackness
Effect of organophosphate intoxication on human serum paraoxonase
Human and Experimental Toxicology, May 1, 2002; 21(5): 247 - 252.
[Abstract] [PDF]