This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Refsnes, M Articles by Schwarze, P E Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Refsnes, M Articles by Schwarze, P E Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

Fluoride-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 synthesis in human epithelial lung cells

R Becher

M Låg

T Skuland

P E Schwarze

Department of Environmental Medicine, National Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Torshov, N-0403 Oslo, Norway

Exposure to fluorides has been associated with asthmatic symptoms among workers in the aluminium industry. In a recent experimental study hydrogen fluoride (HF) was found to induce a weak inflammatory response in humans. In the present study the potential of sodium fluoride (NaF) and HF to induce cytokine response was examined and how these responses are modulated by Al³⁺ in a human epithelial lung cell line (A549). Dose-response experiments showed a maximal release of IL-6 and IL-8 at a concentration of 5 mM NaF 24 h after addition. The responses to HF were of a similar magnitude as for NaF. Time-course experiments showed a NaF-induced IL-6 response at 5 h, whereas an IL-8 response was observed after 10 h. Cycloheximide treatment completely abolished the NaF-induced cytokine responses. A marked increase in the mRNA level for IL-6 was observed already 2 h after exposure to 5 mM NaF, and presumably is a prerequisite for the subsequent increase of IL-6. The fluoride-induced effects on IL-6 and IL-8 release were strongly reduced by pretreatment with deferoxamine (an Al³⁺-chelator), and enhanced by addition of Al³⁺. This indicates that an AlF₄ ⁷-complex, a known activator of GTP-binding proteins, is involved in fluoride-induced IL-6 and IL-8 responses in A549 cells.

Key Words: fluoride • IL-6 • IL-8 • GTP-binding proteins • A549 cells

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 18, No. 11, 645-652 (1999)
DOI: 10.1191/096032799678839572


CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Li THE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF METALLIC FLUORIDE: ACTION, MECHANISM, AND IMPLICATIONS Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, March 1, 2003; 14(2): 100 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Refsnes, P. E Schwarze, J. A Holme, and M. Laeg Fluoride-induced apoptosis in human epithelial lung cells (A549 cells): role of different G protein-linked signal systems Human and Experimental Toxicology, March 1, 2003; 22(3): 111 - 123. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. V. Thrane, M. Refsnes, G. H. Thoresen, M. Lag, and P. E. Schwarze Fluoride-Induced Apoptosis in Epithelial Lung Cells Involves Activation of MAP Kinases p38 and Possibly JNK Toxicol. Sci., May 1, 2001; 61(1): 83 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R B Hefland, P E Schwarzel, B V Johansen, T Myran, N Uthus, and M Refsnes Silica-induced cytokine release from A549 cells: importance of surface area versus size Human and Experimental Toxicology, January 1, 2001; 20(1): 46 - 55. [Abstract] [PDF]