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Acute Poisoning with a Glyphosate-Surfactant Herbicide ('Roundup'): A Review of 93 Cases

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 176 Chunghua Road, Changhua, Taiwan 50022, Republic of China

Mon-Han Shiaw

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 176 Chunghua Road, Changhua, Taiwan 50022, Republic of China

Jinn-Sheng Huang

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 176 Chunghua Road, Changhua, Taiwan 50022, Republic of China

Shu-Fen Yang

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 176 Chunghua Road, Changhua, Taiwan 50022, Republic of China

Tein-Shong Goo

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 176 Chunghua Road, Changhua, Taiwan 50022, Republic of China

Shur-Hueih Wang

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 176 Chunghua Road, Changhua, Taiwan 50022, Republic of China

Chao-Liang Chen

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 176 Chunghua Road, Changhua, Taiwan 50022, Republic of China

Thomas Richard Sanford

Department of Radiology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 176 Chunghua Road, Changhua, Taiwan 50022, Republic of China

Between 1 January 1980, and 30 September 1989, 93 cases of exposure to herbicides containing glyphosphate and surfactant ('Roundup') were treated at Changhua Christian Hospital. The average amount of the 41% solution of glyphosate herbicide ingested by non-survivors was 184 ± 70 ml (range 85-200 ml), but much larger amounts (500 ml) were reported to have been ingested by some patients and only resulted in mild to moderate symptomatology. Accidental exposure was asymptomatic after dermal contact with spray (six cases), while mild oral discomfort occurred after accidental ingestion (13 cases). Intentional ingestion (80 cases) resulted in erosion of the gastrointestinal tract (66%), seen as sore throat (43%), dysphagia (31%), and gastrointestinal haemorrhage (8%). Other organs were affected less often (non-specific leucocytosis 65%, lung 23%, liver 19%, cardiovascular 18%, kidney 14%, and CNS 12%). There were seven deaths, all of which occurred within hours of ingestion, two before the patient arrived at the hospital. Deaths following ingestion of 'Roundup' alone were due to a syndrome that involved hypotension, unresponsive to intravenous fluids or vasopressor drugs, and sometimes pulmonary oedema, in the presence of normal central venous pressure.

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1-8 (1991)
DOI: 10.1177/096032719101000101


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